Cardamom Flower

AccordFLOWERSfloral · spicy · sweet

Seven perfumesOne of them is looking at you

HeartPyramid
—Strength
—Tenacity
2Origins

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Specimen
Cardamom Flower perfume ingredient
Heart
Elettaria cardamomum
Fantasy/Concept
Definition

Cardamom flower is the bloom of Elettaria cardamomum, the plant that gives the spice cardamom.

FLORAL GREEN SPICY SWEET WARM FRESH
Type
Accord
Olfactive family
Florals
Subfamily
Green florals
Cluster
Green-fresh florals
Instruments
Pyramid
TTop
HHeart
BBase
Producing countries
Guatemala India

Scent

It is spicy and warm, with camphor, medicinal, eucalyptus, balsamic and woody facets. A Guatemalan oil is described as clean and pure with a radiant top note, green, herbal and aromatic, with floral undertones. Its fragrance has two facets: the freshness of citrus notes and the warmth of spicy notes. Another description gives a green, slightly metallic character that evaporates on a thin fruity note.

The Full Story

The flowers are bisexual and about 4 cm long. The corolla lobes are pale green, and the labellum is white but streaked with violet. The inflorescences are loose panicles about 2 ft long, with many small blossoms, and they develop on separate horizontal stems that spread along the ground. Flower buds need about 30 days from initiation to full bloom. Pollination is by bees and ants. Flowering may occur throughout the year.

Wild cardamom is pollinated mainly by solitary bees, while cultivated cardamom is pollinated mainly by social bees. Plants grown outside tropical regions do not flower.

Cardamom is the third most expensive spice by weight. In 2022, world production of cardamom, reported together with nutmeg and mace, was 138,888 tonnes, led by India, Indonesia and Guatemala. In India, the state of Kerala is by far the most productive producer. Cardamom was introduced to Guatemala before World War I by the German coffee planter Oscar Majus Kloeffer. In 1979-1980, Guatemala surpassed India in worldwide production.

The fruit and its oil

Commercially, cardamom oil is made by steam-distilling crushed fruits. The essential oil distilled from the crushed fruits comprises mainly 1,8-cineole (20-60%) and α-terpinyl acetate (20-53%). The oil is colourless or pale yellow and darkens on exposure to light. Fruits are picked when fully developed but still green, and the seeds inside the green pods should have changed colour from white to brown or black. In Guatemala the pods are hand-picked between September and April, and the green fruit must be taken to a drying oven within 48 hours.

Composition of the oil

Some accessions are richer in α-terpinyl acetate and others in 1,8-cineole.

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Related: Abelia · Almond Blossom · Alpha Terpineol · Alstroemeria · Alumroot · Amarillys · Amazon Moonflower · Amethyst Flower

Extraction & Chemistry

Extraction method

The seeds are traditionally processed into an essential oil and an absolute. Recently harvested cardamom that has not lost much of its essential oil gives a good yield. Distillation must be complete to give the full character of the oil, and at least 4 hours are needed to produce its full ester content. An oleoresin is also made, on a relatively small scale, by solvent extraction with a yield of about 10%.

Botanical
Elettaria cardamomum
IFRA status
See note

No IFRA Standard for the material itself (51st Amendment)

In Perfumery

In fine fragrances the oil brings spicy, warm and sweet notes. It is often used at the heart of spices, alongside ginger or cold spices, and it can be paired with woody notes of cedar or placed in gourmand accords. In flavour, the oil goes into spice blends and savory flavours, adds a minty, floral and woody effect to fruit flavours, and gives freshness to citrus compositions. The seed oil is also used in aromatherapy products, cosmetics, perfume and breath freshener.

Role in the formula
01modifier
02signature note
03blender
04volume builder
05freshness
Available as
synthetic accord fantasy note

See Also

6 notes