Gorka pomorandža (bigarade)

PrirodnaCITRUSNI MIRISIcitrusni · gorak · svež

Gornje notePiramida

—Jačina

—Trajnost

—Poreklo

Uzorak

Gorka pomorandža (bigarade) kao sirovina za parfeme — Gornje note

Citrus aurantium subsp. amara

Definicija

Bigarade is the bitter orange, a hybrid citrus tree species, Citrus × aurantium, and its fruit. Its peel oil has an orange, fresh and leafy odour.

CITRUSNI ZELEN SLADAK SVEŽ GORAK

bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, marmalade orange

Type: Sirovina
Olfactive family: Citrusni
Source: fruit peel
Chemical class: monoterpene hydrocarbons

Instrumenti

Piramida

GGornje note

SSrednje note

BBazne note

Miris

The peel oil is described as dry, fresh, leafy, orange and woody. Another description reads citrus, brown, fruity, pound cake and Madeira-like. Its odour type is citrus. Neroli oil, from the blossom of the same tree, smells sweet, honeyed, and somewhat metallic with green and spicy facets. Orange blossom smells sweeter, warmer, and more floral than neroli. Petitgrain bigarade oil, from the leaves and green twigs, has a greenish woody orange smell.

U parfemima kuće PREMIEREPEAU

KOMPLET DISCOVERY SET7 × 2 ml →EKSTRAKT PARFEMASedam ekstrakata →

Teroar i oblici

Detaljno

Citrus aurantium, also known as sour orange or bitter orange, belongs to the Rutaceae family and is generally used as a rootstock.

Origin and Botany

The bitter orange is a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the wild type mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. The fruit is orange, with a distinctly bitter or sour taste. The tree has alternate simple leaves on long petioles. It grows in subtropical regions but can tolerate a brief frost.

Chemistry

The peel of Citrus aurantium contains limonene as the major essential oil constituent. Peel oil from bitter oranges grown in Greece is almost entirely monoterpene hydrocarbons, 98.30%, mainly limonene. The main compounds of that peel oil were limonene (94.67%), myrcene (2.00%), linalool (0.76%), β-pinene (0.62%) and α-pinene (0.53%). No sesquiterpenes were detected in that peel oil. Differences in the quantities of the components may arise from genotype and from the pedoclimatic conditions of the growing areas. The IFRA Standard for the expressed oil is set because of its phototoxic effects.

Neroli and Petitgrain

Neroli oil is an essential oil produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree. Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt are the leading producers of neroli. Petitgrain is an essential oil extracted from the leaves and green twigs of the bitter orange tree. It is also known as petitgrain bigarade. Petitgrain takes its name from the fact that it used to be extracted from the unripe small green fruits of the plant. Linalyl acetate (45%) and linalool (20%) are among the components of petitgrain bigarade.

Culinary Use

The raw pulp is not usually eaten. Bitter orange is mostly used in marmalade because of its high pectin content, which gives a thick consistency to its marmalade. In Britain, marmalade is usually made from the bitter or Seville orange. Across Scandinavia, bitter orange peel is used in dried, ground form in baked goods such as Christmas bread. The oil pressed from the fresh peel is used in ice creams, puddings, sweets, soft and alcoholic drinks, and pharmaceuticals. The peel is also used as a spice in Belgian Witbier.

Zanimljivosti

Bigarade, the bitter orange, was used in all early recipes for duck à l'orange, originally called canard à la bigarade. The trees require little care and may live for as long as 600 years.

Dobijanje i hemija

Način dobijanja

Bitter orange oil is typically cold pressed from the rinds of the fruits. In many countries an oil is pressed from the fresh peel of ripe fruit. An essential oil is also extracted from the peel of dried, unripe bitter oranges. Neroli is distilled from the blossoms of the same tree, and petitgrain from the leaves and sometimes the twigs and branches.

Formula: Complex natural mixture (key constituents: limonene C₁₀H₁₆; myrcene)
CAS: 68916-04-1
Botanički naziv: Citrus aurantium subsp. amara
Izgled: pale yellow to yellow clear liquid
Sinonimi: bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, marmalade orange

Status prema standardima IFRA

Ograničeno

Restricted — IFRA Standard « Bitter orange peel oil expressed » (Amendment 49)

Fizička svojstva

Tačka paljenja: 47.78 °C (TCC)
Relativna gustina: 0.845-0.851 at 25 °C
Indeks prelamanja: 1.4725-1.4755 at 20 °C

U parfemima

Eau de cologne contains a mixture of citrus oils, bitter orange oil among them. Undiluted essential oils of Citrus aurantium are sold at a high price on the international market of the aromatherapy, perfume and cosmetic industry. Neroli oil, distilled from the blossom of the same tree, is also employed in perfumes. Petitgrain bigarade oil is used in perfumery and found in colognes.

Uloga u formuli

01modifikator

02nota potpisa

03sredstvo za podizanje

04svežina

Oblici na tržištu

ulje dobijeno hladnim ceđenjem

Pogledajte i

8 nota

Bergamot citrusni · aromatičan · gorak · nalik čaju Neroli cvetni · medni · zelen Gorka pomorandža citrusni · gorak · svež Kalamansi citrusni · svež · voćni Ušećereni limun citrusni · sladak · svež Kora grejpfruta citrusni · svež · voćni Zelena mandarina svež · zelen · citrusni Chen pi citrusni · gorak · biljni

Sedam ekstrakata

INSULINE SAFRINE DOPPEL DANCERS ALBÂTRE SÉPIA GRAVITAS CAPITALE SIMILI MIRAGE ROSE MONOTONE NUIT ÉLASTIQUE Komplet Discovery Set

Rečnik parfimerije kuće PREMIEREPEAU →