Zemljane note

Vetiver, Chrysopogon zizanioides, is originally from India and is widely cultivated in tropical regions. The major vetiver producers include Haiti, India, Indonesia and Réunion. The oil distilled in Haiti and Réunion has a more floral quality than the smokier oil from Java. Khus syrup, a food flavouring, is made by adding khus essence from the roots to sugar, water and citric acid syrup, and it flavours milkshakes and yogurt drinks such as lassi.

Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. As of 2023, global demand for patchouli oil was over 1,600 metric tons per year, and over 90% of it was produced by Indonesia.

Oakmoss, Evernia prunastri, is a species of lichen. Oakmoss can be found in many mountainous temperate forests throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Evernyl, also known as atraric acid or Veramoss, is a synthetic fragrance compound with an aroma reminiscent of natural oakmoss absolute. Its chemical name is methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate, its formula is C₁₀H₁₂O₄ and its CAS number is 4707-47-5.

Geosmin is an irregular sesquiterpenoid. It is a bicyclic alcohol with the formula C₁₂H₂₂O, a derivative of decalin. Its name comes from the Greek for "earth odour". Geosmin is formed by microorganisms in the soil, particularly Streptomyces. A single enzyme, geosmin synthase, converts farnesyl diphosphate to geosmin in a two-step reaction. The human odor detection threshold for geosmin in water has been determined between 4 and 10 ng/L, which is about one teaspoon in 200 Olympic swimming pools. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the major biological causes of muddy odor and flavor in drinking water worldwide and in farmed fish. Geosmin is responsible for the earthy taste of beetroots. Under acidic conditions, geosmin decomposes into odorless substances.

Petrichor is the earthy scent often associated with rain falling on dry soil or rock. Geosmin is a contributor to the strong scent known as petrichor, which occurs when rain falls after a spell of dry weather or when soil is disturbed. Raindrops striking porous surfaces can trap air bubbles, which rise and burst as aerosols, providing a mechanism by which scent-carrying material can enter the air.

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