Jela
Crushed green needles over a bed of warm, honeyed resin. Fir smells cleaner and sweeter than pine, less turpenic than spruce — the bornyl acetate loading gives it a rounded, almost camphorous softness that no other conifer delivers.
- Type
- Sirovina
- Olfactive family
- Drvenasti
- Source
- needles and twigs
- Chemical class
- complex natural (essential oil)
Miris
Detaljno
Zanimljivosti
Canada balsam, the transparent oleoresin from Abies balsamea bark blisters, served as the standard optical cement and microscope slide mounting medium from roughly 1830 until the mid-20th century. Its refractive index (1.52) matches crown glass so precisely that biological specimens become nearly invisible when mounted — optically ideal for light microscopy. The same property made it indispensable for cementing achromatic doublet lenses. It was eventually replaced by synthetic resins, but remains available from specialty suppliers.
Dobijanje i hemija
Način dobijanja
Steam distillation of fresh needles and twigs. Yield and composition vary by species: Abies sibirica (Siberian fir) yields an oil with 29–45% bornyl acetate; Abies balsamea (balsam fir) yields a beta-pinene-dominant oil (15–40%) with lower bornyl acetate (5–18%); Abies alba (silver fir) is compositionally variable by provenance (bornyl acetate 9–30%). Canada balsam — the transparent oleoresin of A. balsamea — is harvested separately by tapping bark blisters, then either used as-is or converted to an absolute by solvent extraction. Canada balsam oil (steam-distilled from the oleoresin) yields approximately 15–25%. Cold expression is not used for any Abies product.
- Formula
- Complex mixture — key components: bornyl acetate (C₁₂H₂₀O₂), α-pinene (C₁₀H₁₆), β-pinene, limonene
- CAS
- 8021-29-2
- Botanički naziv
- Abies spp.
- Izgled
- pale yellow clear liquid
- Jačina mirisa
- Srednji
- Trajnost
- 16 hours at 100.00%
- Sinonimi
- FIR TREE BALSAM FIR SILVER FIR
Restricted (< 10 mmoles/L of peroxides)
- Tačka ključanja
- 132.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
- Tačka paljenja
- 104.00 °F. TCC ( 40.00 °C. )
- Relativna gustina
- 0.89500 to 0.92000 @ 25.00 °C.
- Indeks prelamanja
- 1.45700 to 1.47000 @ 20.00 °C.
U parfemima
Fir oil functions across the top-to-heart range depending on the species and form used. The needle oil contributes a fresh, balsamic green note that bridges citrus openings into woody-ambery hearts. In fougere compositions, it reinforces the green-aromatic axis alongside lavender and coumarin. In chypre structures, it adds coniferous transparency without the turpentine edge of pine. The absolute (from Canada balsam oleoresin) works as a base-note fixative — viscous, tenacious, sweet-resinous. Bornyl acetate's camphoraceous sweetness gives fir a rounding effect that softens angular woody accords.
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