Da li je Olovka prirodna ili sintetička sirovina?

Fantazijska ili konceptualna nota, a ne jedna sirovina.

Olovka

AkordPRIRODNO I SINTETIČKO, POPULARNO I NEOBIČNOdrvenast · suv · ambrast

Srednje notePiramida

—Jačina

—Trajnost

1Poreklo

Uzorak

Olovka kao sirovina za parfeme — Srednje note

Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar); Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar)

Fantazijska/konceptualna

Definicija

Pencil is a woody, dry note that recalls the wooden lead pencil.

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Type: Akord
Olfactive family: Drvenasti

Instrumenti

Piramida

GGornje note

SSrednje note

BBazne note

Zemlje proizvođači

Sjedinjene Američke Države

Miris

Virginia cedarwood oil is woody and dry, slightly ambery, and traditionally reminiscent of a woody lead pencil. Many perfumers consider it to have a smoother and finer, but less powerful, odour than Texas oil. The wood of incense cedar has a pleasant odor. Crushed incense cedar foliage gives off an aroma somewhat akin to shoe-polish.

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Detaljno

Most pencils today are made from incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), which is grown in managed forests. The wood of incense cedar is soft and light and generally resistant to rot.

Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite is a crystalline allotrope, or form, of the element carbon. The graphite and clay strings are tempered in a kiln and then dipped in oil or molten wax. They are inserted into the grooves of a juniper or incense-cedar plank, and a second grooved plank is glued on top.

Although called cedarwood oils, the most important ones are distilled from the wood of junipers and cypresses rather than true cedars. Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) has fragrant heartwood, and moths avoid the aromatic wood. The three major components of its cedar oil, alpha-cedrene, thujopsene and cedrol, make up more than 60% of the essential oil. Cedrol is a sesquiterpene alcohol with the formula C₁₅H₂₆O. It makes up about 15.8% of Virginia cedarwood oil.

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Istorija

By the end of the nineteenth century, over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the United States. Red cedar was the favoured timber for pencils because it was aromatic and did not splinter when sharpened. In the early twentieth century, supplies of red cedar dwindled so far that pencil makers recycled the wood of cedar fences and barns. Incense cedar, dyed and perfumed to resemble red cedar, proved a suitable alternative. The supply of eastern red cedar had diminished so far by the 1940s that the wood of incense cedar largely replaced it.

Sometime before 1565, an enormous graphite deposit was discovered in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England, and locals found it useful for marking sheep. Modern pencil lead, most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay, was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795.

Zanimljivosti

Incense cedar was once the primary material for wooden pencils, because it is soft and tends to sharpen easily without forming splinters. Over 14 billion pencils are manufactured worldwide annually.

Dobijanje i hemija

Način dobijanja

Virginia cedarwood oil is obtained by distillation of the biomass with water or steam. The essential oil is physically separated from the aqueous phase by decantation. Part of the commercially available cedar oil is also produced by steam distillation from wood shavings. The yield is 2.3 - 3.5%, and about 30 kg of wood chips give 1 kg of oil.

Formula: Complex natural mixture (key constituents: α-cedrene; thujopsene; cedrol C₁₅H₂₆O)
Botanički naziv: Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar); Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar)

Status prema standardima IFRA

Pogledajte napomenu

No IFRA Standard for the material itself (51st Amendment)

Fizička svojstva

Tačka paljenja: 99 °C / 210.2 °F

U parfemima

Cedarwood oil is used to scent soaps, technical preparations, room sprays and disinfectants. Cedarwood oil is used directly in fragrance compounding or as a source of raw components for making further fragrance compounds. Cedrol and cedrene, components of cedarwood oils, are valuable to the chemical industry for conversion to other derivatives with fragrance applications.

Uloga u formuli

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03sirovina za stapanje

04graditelj volumena

05svežina

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