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Furfural

SWEETS AND GOURMAND SMELLS  /  gourmand · bread · nutty
Furfural
Furfural perfume ingredient
CategorySWEETS AND GOURMAND SMELLS
Subcategorygourmand · bread · nutty
Origin
VolatilityTop Note
BotanicalN/A — synthetic / semi-synthetic (produced from agricultural biomass: corn cobs, oat hulls, sugarcane bagasse)
Appearancecolorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid
Producing CountriesChina, Dominican Republic, South Africa
PyramidTop

Warm, bread-like with a sweet, almond-woody quality. Furfural smells like toasted bread crust — grainy, caramelized, with a subtle almond undertone.

  1. Scent
  2. The Full Story
  3. Fun Fact
  4. Extraction & Chemistry
  5. In Perfumery

Scent

Warm, bread-like, toasted-grain sweet. Distinct from vanillin's cream-sugar sweetness — furfural is grainy, almost savory-sweet. An almond-woody undertone adds complexity. Slightly acrid if concentrated. On blotter, the bread-toast character fades into a quiet, warm-woody residue.

Evolution over time

Immediately

Immediately

Warm bread-toast burst. Grainy, caramelized, slightly nutty.
After a few hours

After a few hours

Almond-woody facet develops. Grain sweetness persists.
After a few days

After a few days

Quiet woody-warm base. Quick fade. Low-moderate tenacity.

The Full Story

CAS 98-01-1. 2-Furaldehyde. A five-membered ring aldehyde produced by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of pentose sugars. Found naturally in bread, coffee, cooked grains, and most foods subjected to the Maillard reaction. Furfural is both a perfumery ingredient and a major industrial chemical.

The scent is warm, grainy-sweet, with a characteristic bread-crust/toasted-grain quality. There is an almond-like undertone and a woody quality. The molecule smells like baked goods — not the sugar sweetness of vanillin but the grain-toast sweetness of Maillard chemistry. At higher concentrations, a slightly acrid, aldehyde edge appears.

In perfumery, furfural is used sparingly in gourmand and bakery accords. It provides the 'baked' quality that distinguishes bread-cake compositions from pure sugar-vanilla gourmands. The molecule is also one of the largest-volume bio-based chemicals globally, produced from agricultural waste (corn cobs, oat hulls, bagasse).

This note in Première Peau. Insuline Safrine. Sample all seven extraits in the Discovery Set.

Related: Acetyl Furan · Ambermax · Ambrofix · Egg · Ethyl Maltol · Flour · Genepi · Gold

Did You Know?

Did you know?
Furfural was first isolated in 1821 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner by distilling bran with sulfuric acid — the name derives from 'furfur,' the Latin word for bran. It remains one of the few industrial chemicals still produced primarily from agricultural waste rather than petroleum.

Extraction & Chemistry

Extraction method: Produced industrially by acid-catalyzed dehydration of hemicellulose from agricultural waste — primarily corn cobs, oat hulls, and sugarcane bagasse. Global production exceeds 300,000 tonnes annually, mostly for industrial solvent and chemical intermediate use. Perfumery consumes a tiny fraction.

Molecular FormulaC5H4O2
CAS Number98-01-1
Botanical NameN/A — synthetic / semi-synthetic (produced from agricultural biomass: corn cobs, oat hulls, sugarcane bagasse)
IFRA StatusRestricted (suspected mutagen/sensitizer)
SynonymsFURAN-2-CARBALDEHYDE · FURFURALDEHYDE
Physical Properties
Lasting Power4 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Appearancecolorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid
Boiling Point161.00 to 162.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point137.00 °F. TCC ( 58.33 °C. )
Specific Gravity1.15600 to 1.16200 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index1.52200 to 1.52800 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point-36.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

In Perfumery

Modifier in gourmand, bakery, and warm-woody compositions. Furfural provides the 'baked grain' character essential to bread, pastry, and biscuit accords. Used at low concentrations alongside vanillin, maltol, and lactones. Also contributes to coffee and chocolate accords as a Maillard reaction product. The molecule's industrial availability makes it inexpensive, but its slightly acrid character at higher levels limits dosage.

From the raw to the worn

This is what it becomes.