Бахур

In most Arab countries, incense is burned in the form of scented chips or blocks called bakhoor. The word mabkhara is derived from bakhoor, the incense burned inside the mabkhara itself. The concept of the mabkhara originates from the Arabian Peninsula and has existed since pre-Islamic times, even if not under the same name as now.

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Burning

Indirect-burning incense contains no combustible material and so requires a separate heat source. Heat is traditionally provided by charcoal or glowing embers. Bakhoor is usually burned in a mabkhara, a censer. Mabakhir are typically used to produce a rich, aromatic smoke which perfumes the surroundings and eliminates any unpleasant odors. A typical mabkhara has a square pedestal base with inward sloping sides which support a square cup with outward sloping sides. Both traditional and modern mabakhir can range in height from a few centimeters to a few feet tall.

Use and custom

Incense is used on special occasions like weddings or on Fridays or generally to perfume the house. It is customary in many Arab countries to pass bakhoor among the guests in the majlis, as a gesture of hospitality. Mabakhir are commonly used in mosques and other Islamic religious institutions. In Islamic cultures, the use of oud as bakhoor is deeply ingrained in social customs, including to perfume homes.

Ingredients

Agarwood, commonly called oud, is a fragrant, dark and resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small hand carvings. Oud oil can be distilled from agarwood with steam; the total yield of oil from 70 kg of wood will not exceed 20 ml. Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax. Benzoin is used in the production of bakhoor. The aroma of benzoin Siam is described as sweet, vanilla, balsamic, woody, and powdery.