Базилік
Crushed leaf on a warm palm — green, peppery, faintly clove-like, with a sweet anise thread that vanishes in seconds. Not a kitchen herb in this context: in perfumery, basil reads as an abstract green-aromatic brightness, closer to a thinned-out lavender than to pesto.
- Type
- Складник
- Olfactive family
- Ароматичні
- Source
- leaves and flowering tops
- Chemical class
- complex natural (essential oil)
Запах
Теруар і переробка
Докладно
Цікавий факт
The ancient Greeks believed basil would only flourish where poverty and hatred reigned, and that seeds had to be sown while shouting curses — a ritual called 'sparassein to basilikon.' The French expression 'semer le basilic' (to sow basil) still carries the figurative meaning of ranting or raving.
Отримання й хімія
Спосіб отримання
Steam distillation of fresh flowering herb (leaves, stems, and inflorescences). Oil yield: 0.04–0.70% (v/fresh weight), with commercial operations typically achieving 0.4–0.6% over a 2.5–3 hour distillation cycle. One hectare produces 10,000–15,000 kg of fresh herbage, yielding approximately 10–23 litres of essential oil. The linalool chemotype (European/American) and the estragole chemotype (Comoros/Reunion type, CAS 84775-71-3) are commercially distinct products. A CO2 extract also exists, closer in character to the fresh herb but rarely used in fine fragrance. Major producers: India (54% of global exports), Vietnam (18%), France (9%), Egypt, Comoros.
- Формула
- C₁₀H₁₈O (Linalool, dominant in ct. linalool) · C₁₀H₁₂O (Estragole/Methyl chavicol)
- CAS
- 8015-73-4 (basil oil) · 78-70-6 (linalool)
- Ботанічна назва
- Ocimum basilicum L.
- Зовнішній вигляд
- Pale yellow to yellow clear liquid
- Сила запаху
- Середня
- Стійкість
- 2-4 hours
- Синоніми
- BASILIC SWEET BASIL BASIL GRAND VERT BASILICUM
The oil itself is not individually restricted by IFRA, but its key constituents are regulated. Estragole (methyl chavicol): restricted under IFRA 51st Amendment (Standard 099, 2023) to 0.014% max in Category 4 finished products (fine fragrance). Linalool: EU allergen requiring declaration above 0.001% in leave-on products. The linalool chemotype is far less constrained than the estragole-dominant exotic type.
- Температура кипіння
- 213.00 to 215.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
- Температура спалаху
- 167.00 °F. TCC ( 75.00 °C. )
- Відносна густина
- 0.89000 to 0.93000 @ 25.00 °C.
- Показник заломлення
- 1.47950 to 1.48950 @ 20.00 °C.
У парфумерії
Top-to-heart modifier in aromatic, fougère, and green compositions. Sweet basil oil (linalool chemotype, 45–72% linalool) provides a green-spicy lift that connects naturally to lavender, bergamot, and neroli — all linalool-bearing materials, which is why they blend so easily. At sub-threshold doses (below 0.5% of concentrate), basil ceases to be identifiable as basil and instead contributes an abstract herbal freshness — angular, slightly mentholated, with none of the round sweetness of clary sage. The exotic chemotype (Comoros, Madagascar — up to 85% estragole) delivers a sharply different effect: intensely anisic, closer to tarragon than to any herb garden. Its use in fine fragrance is now severely constrained by the IFRA 51st Amendment (2023), which restricts estragole to 0.014% in Category 4 finished products (fine fragrance) due to genotoxicity concerns identified by EFSA. This effectively limits the exotic type to trace-level dosing or functional perfumery. The linalool chemotype, by contrast, faces only the standard linalool allergen declaration requirements under EU 2023/1545. It remains a practical material: more photostable than most citrus oils (low limonene), more tenacious than expressed lemon, and capable of bridging citrus top notes into aromatic hearts without weight.
Див. також
8 ноти