Сигарета

A cigarette differs from a cigar by its smaller size, its processed leaf, its way of being smoked and its paper wrapping, which is typically white. A cigarette is lit and inhaled into the mouth and lungs, usually through a cellulose acetate filter. Modern commercially manufactured cigarettes consist mainly of a tobacco blend, paper and PVA glue that bonds the outer layer of paper together. Filters are typically made from cellulose acetate fibre. The paper may vary in porosity to let the burning embers ventilate, or contain materials that control the burning rate and the stability of the ash. The butt left after smoking is typically about 30% of the cigarette's original length. It consists of a tissue tube holding a filter and some remaining tobacco mixed with ash.

Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 7,000 toxic chemicals. The most carcinogenic compounds in cigarette smoke are acrolein, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide and isoprene. Flavored tobacco contains flavorings that, on heating, release toxic chemicals and carcinogens such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, furans, phenols, aldehydes and acids. Most modern cigarettes are filtered, but the smoke inhaled from a filtered cigarette is not thereby lower in carcinogens or harmful chemicals. Filters lower the amount of some substances, such as tar, in the smoke, but they do not make smoking any safer.

Tobacco leaves are cured so that the carotenoids in them oxidise and degrade slowly. This produces compounds that can be attributed to sweet hay, tea, rose oil, or fruity aromatic flavors.

The word cigarette usually means a tobacco cigarette, but it is sometimes used for a cannabis cigarette or an herbal cigarette. Reconstituted tobacco in a cigarette carries additives that make nicotine more volatile as the cigarette burns. Cigarettes and other smoking materials are a major cause of residential fires, accounting for about 28% of fires involving upholstered furniture.

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