Полуничне варення

Jam is made from whole fruit cut into pieces or crushed, then heated with water and sugar until it reaches its setting point, which comes from the action of natural or added pectin. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams are often eaten at breakfast with bread or used as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert. Strawberries can be made into jam or preserves.

Origin and Production

Jam is generally produced by boiling mashed or chopped fruit pulp with sugar and water. A rough starting point is equal weights of fruit and sugar. When the mixture reaches a temperature of 104 °C (219 °F), the acid and the pectin in the fruit react with the sugar, and the jam will set on cooling. Strawberries are low in pectin, so to set they must be combined with a higher-pectin fruit or used with commercially produced or homemade pectin. Added pectin decreases cooking time.

History

Jam making became "a great new industry" in 19th century England. English jam makers had access to a global market and thrived after the repeal of sugar duties in 1874.

Chemistry and Scent Profile

Furaneol, also called strawberry furanone, is an organic compound used in the flavor, perfume and cosmetics industry. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Furaneol accumulates in strawberries during ripening and can reach a high concentration of 37 μg/g. Esters, terpenes and furans are the compounds most strongly related to strawberry flavour, sweetness and fragrance, with 31 of some 360 volatile compounds significantly correlated to desirable flavour and fragrance. Methyl anthranilate and gamma-decalactone, prominent in aromatic wild strawberries, are especially desired in breeding for the United States commercial market for their sweet and fruity aroma.

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate, commonly known as strawberry aldehyde, is an organic compound used in the flavor industry in artificial fruit flavors, particularly strawberry. It is a colorless liquid that is insoluble in water. It is stable under neutral conditions but may decompose in alkaline environments.