Помело
Sweeter than grapefruit, less acidic than lemon. A pillowy citrus zest — peeling a thick-skinned fruit the size of a cantaloupe, the spray from the rind coating your fingers in a bittersweet, almost floral oil.
- Type
- Складник
- Olfactive family
- Цитрусові
- Source
- fruit peel
- Chemical class
- complex natural (expressed oil)
Запах
Теруар і варіації
Докладно
Отримання й хімія
Спосіб отримання
Cold expression (pressing) of the fresh peel, identical in principle to other citrus oils. Yields approximately 0.9–2.7% w/w from the peel depending on cultivar, ripeness, and method. Steam distillation of the peel is also practiced — it produces a lighter oil with reduced furocoumarin content (furocoumarins are too heavy to volatilize in steam), which is why distilled pomelo oil carries no phototoxicity restriction. Cold-pressed oil retains the full spectrum of sesquiterpenes including nootkatone. Hydrodistillation yields vary: white pomelo ~1.1%, red pomelo ~1.0%.
- Формула
- Complex mixture — key compounds: limonene (C₁₀H₁₆, 22–88%), nootkatone (C₁₅H₂₂O, 0.02–5%), linalool (C₁₀H₁₈O, up to 7.5%), myrcene (C₁₀H₁₆), neral/geranial (C₁₀H₁₆O)
- CAS
- 84696-38-8
- Ботанічна назва
- Citrus maxima
- Зовнішній вигляд
- Colorless to pale yellow mobile liquid
- Сила запаху
- Середня
- Стійкість
- 2–4 hours (bulk oil on skin). Nootkatone fraction: >200 hours on blotter.
- Синоніми
- pummelo, shaddock
Restricted (IFRA Std 089/091, Amendment 49). As an expressed citrus oil containing furocoumarins, pomelo peel oil is subject to phototoxicity limits: max 4% in leave-on products applied to sun-exposed skin. Total furocoumarin content (5-MOP/bergapten) must not exceed 15 ppm in the finished product. Steam-distilled pomelo oil is exempt from phototoxicity restrictions due to negligible furocoumarin carryover.
- Відносна густина
- 0.843–0.857 @ 25°C
- Показник заломлення
- 1.472–1.476 @ 20°C
- Нота
- Cold-pressed peel oil. Values vary by cultivar and origin. Limonene-dominated composition closely resembles grapefruit oil.
У парфумерії
A top note modifier and opener. Pomelo functions as a lighter, cleaner alternative to grapefruit in hesperidic and eaux fraîches compositions — less aggressive, less sulphurous, but with enough nootkatone backbone to avoid the generic flatness of sweet orange. In cologne structures, it provides a gentler launch than bergamot without sacrificing the bitter-zest quality that gives citrus accords their architecture. Used in modern transparent florals, citrus-aquatic blends, and clean masculine openings. Nootkatone (CAS 4674-50-4) is the key character-impact molecule — a sesquiterpene ketone with 236-hour substantivity at 20% in DPG, far outlasting the volatile limonene that dominates the bulk of the oil. Perfumers seeking the pomelo effect without phototoxicity constraints often rebuild it synthetically using nootkatone, limonene fractions, and traces of cis-3-hexenol for the green-pith quality.
Див. також
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