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Rosa × alba, the white rose of York, has been cultivated in Europe since ancient times. It may have originally been grown mainly for the sweet scent of the flowers, but is now also used as a winter-hardy garden shrub. Cultivated forms have white or pink flowers, and most have many petals. Hybrid cultivars have also been produced with red or yellow flowers.

The plants are tall shrubs with arching stems and bluish-green leaves, and they bloom only in mid summer. They are extremely cold hardy and disease resistant, which is why they serve to breed new varieties for subarctic climates such as northern Scandinavia and Canada.

Rosa alba shares some nuclear DNA sequences with R. canina and may be derived from hybridization between that species and R. gallica. Maskew and Primavesi concluded in 2005 that a 1993 suggestion of derivation by chromosome duplication from a triploid offspring of R. arvensis and R. gallica had been mistaken.

In a comparison of the essential oils of three oil-bearing rose genotypes, Rosa damascena, Rosa alba and Rosa No 836/61, a cross of Rosa damascena and Rosa gallica, 60 components were identified. The oils were of the same quality but differed in quantitative composition.

The registry entry CAS 93334-48-6 (EC 297-122-1) covers extractives obtained from Rosa alba, Rosaceae, including their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes and essential oils.

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