М’ята колосиста: натуральний чи синтетичний матеріал?

Натуральний матеріал.

М’ята колосиста

НатуральнийЗЕЛЕНІ НОТИ, ТРАВИ Й ФУЖЕРНІ АКОРДИсвіжий · солодкий · зелений

Верхні нотиПіраміда

3/5Сила

—Стійкість

3Походження

Зразок

М’ята колосиста як парфумерна сировина — Верхні ноти

Mentha spicata

Визначення

Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is a mint whose aromatic essential oil is called oil of spearmint. Its smell is minty, green, cooling and spicy.

Garden mint, common mint, lamb mint, mackerel mint

Type: Складник
Olfactive family: Ароматичні
Source: leaves and stems
Chemical class: essential oil

Інструменти

Піраміда

ВВерхні ноти

СНоти серця

ББазові ноти

3/5Сила

Середня

інтенсивність запаху

Країни-виробники

Азія Європа Північна Америка

Запах

Spearmint oil smells minty, green, cooling and spicy. The smell of spearmint leaves is the sweetish minty smell of R-(-)-carvone.

В ароматах PREMIEREPEAU

DISCOVERY SET7 × 2 мл →ЕКСТРАКТСім екстрактів →

Теруар і переробка

Докладно

The plant

Spearmint is a perennial herbaceous plant. It is 30-100 cm (12-39 in) tall. The stem is square-shaped, a defining characteristic of the mint family of herbs. Spearmint produces flowers in slender spikes, each flower pink or white in colour. The name spearmint derives from the pointed leaf tips. The leaves lose their aromatic appeal after the plant flowers.

Spearmint belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east. It is naturalized in many other temperate parts of the world, including northern and southern Africa, North America, and South America.

The oil and its chemistry

The most abundant compound in spearmint oil is R-(-)-carvone. Spearmint oil is composed of 50-80% R-(-)-carvone. Spearmint oil also contains significant amounts of limonene, dihydrocarvone, and 1,8-cineol. Unlike oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint contains minimal amounts of menthol and menthone.

The compound primarily responsible for the aroma and flavor of spearmint is carvone, while menthol is the main aroma of peppermint. Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids. Carvone is a clear, colorless liquid with a molar mass of 150.22 g/mol. The amounts of compounds in spearmint oil are set by a pharmacopoeia at no less than 55.0% carvone and under 2.0% menthol.

Spearmint is a major source of naturally produced R-(-)-carvone. However, the majority of R-(-)-carvone used in commercial applications is synthesized from R-(+)-limonene.

Cultivation and trade

Spearmint is grown in a variety of tropical to temperate climates, including Europe, Asia, North Africa, America, India, and Brazil. Peppermint and spearmint have been grown in Indiana since the late 1800s. The mints are grown for the essential oils produced in specialized glands on the leaves and stems. Mint also requires a day length of at least 15 hours in midsummer for the highest oil yields.

The oils from native and Scotch spearmints are very similar but have different commercial uses. In 2022, Midwest acreage of native spearmint fell by 41.5% and that of Scotch spearmint by 46.2% compared with 2021.

Uses of the plant and its oil

Spearmint leaves are infused in water to make spearmint tea. Spearmint is an ingredient in several cocktails, such as the mojito and mint julep. Sweet tea, iced and flavored with spearmint, is a summer tradition in the Southern United States. In Western Australia, green-coloured, spearmint-flavored milk is a local treat.

In 20th century Jamaica and New Mexico, spearmint was used in traditional medicine as a decoction intended to relieve various ailments. Spearmint essential oil has had success as a larvicide against mosquitoes. Used as a fumigant, spearmint essential oil is an effective insecticide against adult moths. R-(-)-Carvone, the main compound of spearmint oil, has been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use as a mosquito repellent.

—

Related: Apple Mint · Lesser Calamint · Menthol · Mint

Історія

The word mint descends from the Latin word mentha or menta, which is rooted in Greek words meaning spearmint. In Greek mythology the plant was personified as Minthe, a nymph beloved by Hades who was transformed into a mint plant by either Persephone or Demeter. The ancient Greeks rubbed mint on their arms, believing it would make them stronger.

Early versions of toothpaste using mint are known from the 14th century, which suggests widespread domestication by then. Mint was introduced into England by the Romans by the 5th century. John Gerard's Herbal of 1597 notes that the smell of mint rejoices the heart of man, and that for this reason people strewed it in chambers and places of recreation. Spearmint is documented as an important cash crop in Connecticut during the period of the American Revolution, when mint tea was a popular drink because it was not taxed.

Цікавий факт

Carvone has two mirror-image forms: R-(-)-carvone smells sweetish and minty like spearmint leaves, while S-(+)-carvone has a spicy aroma with notes of rye and gives caraway seeds their smell. Squirrel monkeys have also been found to be able to discriminate between carvone enantiomers.

Отримання й хімія

Спосіб отримання

Mint foliage and stems are left to dry partly in windrows in the field for 24 to 48 hours before they are collected for distillation. The field drying process is critical in obtaining maximum oil yield. The cured mint hay is picked up from the windrow with a field chopper and blown into a portable distillation tub for transport to the distillery. Mint oil is readily recovered by steam distillation of the harvested hay. Hydro-distillation of dried spearmint gave 0.61% oil and hydro-steam distillation 0.43%. Yields across the tested treatments ranged from 0.3 to 1.2%. The best quality of spearmint oil came from solvent extraction of the distillate followed by a rotary evaporator.

Формула: Complex natural mixture (key constituents: carvone C₁₀H₁₄O; limonene; dihydrocarvone; 1,8-cineol)
CAS: 8008-79-5
Ботанічна назва: Mentha spicata
Зовнішній вигляд: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid
Сила запаху: Середня
Синоніми: Garden mint, common mint, lamb mint, mackerel mint

Статус IFRA

Див. примітку

No IFRA Standard for the material itself (51st Amendment)

Фізичні властивості

Температура кипіння: 220 °C @ 760 mm Hg
Температура спалаху: 64.44 °C (148 °F, TCC)
Відносна густина: 0.917 to 0.934 @ 25 °C
Показник заломлення: 1.479 to 1.489 @ 20 °C

У парфумерії

The aromatic oil, called oil of spearmint, is used as a flavoring and sometimes as a scent. Spearmint oil is used as a flavouring for toothpaste and confectionery, and is sometimes added to shampoos and soaps. Native spearmint is used most often to flavor toothpaste and dental hygiene products. Scotch spearmint has a milder, more pleasant taste and is used in chewing gum and confections. Spearmint is also an ingredient in dairy products, bakery goods, chewing gums, toothpaste and cosmetics.

Роль у формулі

01модифікатор

02фірмова нота

03компонент піднесення

04сполучний компонент

05свіжість

Форми випуску

ефірна олія

Див. також

7 ноти

Безсмертник ароматичний · мед · трав’яний Чорний перець пряний · теплий · ароматичний Перець шишито зелений · пряний · рослинний Тютюн теплий · солодкий · шкіряний Базилік ароматичний · зелений · трав’яний Саліцилова кислота аптечний · косметичний · кислий М’ята яблучна фруктовий · свіжий · солодкий

Сім екстрактів

INSULINE SAFRINE DOPPEL DANCERS ALBÂTRE SÉPIA GRAVITAS CAPITALE SIMILI MIRAGE ROSE MONOTONE NUIT ÉLASTIQUE DISCOVERY SET

Парфумерний глосарій PREMIEREPEAU →