Furfural
Furfural is an organic compound, a colorless liquid with an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. Its odor is almond-like; other descriptions give bread and sweet.
- Type
- Sirovina
- Olfactive family
- Gurmanski
- Source
- Dried biomass (agricultural byproducts)
- Chemical class
- aldehyde (furan-2-carbaldehyde)
Miris
Detaljno
Zanimljivosti
The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Along with ethanol, acetic acid and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest known organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.
Dobijanje i hemija
Način dobijanja
Furfural may be obtained by dehydrating five-carbon sugars (pentoses), particularly xylose, with an acid catalyst. These sugars may be obtained from pentosans derived from hemicellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. Between 3% and 10% of the mass of crop residue feedstocks can be recovered as furfural, depending on the type of feedstock. Furfural and water evaporate together from the reaction mixture and separate upon condensation. In the typical industrial process, a pentosane-rich biomass such as corn cobs or sugarcane bagasse is hydrolyzed to pentose in a series of reactors and then dehydrated to furfural, with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The molar yield of furfural is about 50% in today's process. In the laboratory, furfural can be synthesized from plant material by heating with sulfuric acid. The global production capacity is about 800,000 tons as of 2012.
- Formula
- C₅H₄O₂
- CAS
- 98-01-1
- Izgled
- Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid
- Sinonimi
- Furan-2-carbaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, pyromucic aldehyde
Restricted — IFRA Standard « Furfural » (Amendment 49). Maximum in the finished product: 0.0010 % for Categories 1 to 11B and 0.050 % for Category 12.
- Tačka ključanja
- 161-162 °C @ 760 mm Hg
- Tačka topljenja
- -37 °C
- Tačka paljenja
- 60 °C (140 °F), closed cup
- Relativna gustina
- 1.16
- Indeks prelamanja
- 1.5261 @ 20 °C
U parfemima
Furfural has FEMA number 2489 and JECFA number 450, and a FEMA GRAS assessment from 1997 covers furfural as a flavor ingredient. Its flavor profile is almond, baked potatoes, bread, burnt and spice. In IFRA product Categories 1 and 6, where small amounts of a fragrance ingredient may be swallowed, the material must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient under the flavor industry's code of practice.
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