Тополя дельтоподібна

Species and names

English names variously applied to different Populus species include poplar, aspen and cottonwood. Populus is a genus of over 60 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae.

Black poplar buds

Populus nigra, the black poplar, is native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa. The species grows from the Mediterranean in the south to around 64° latitude in the north. Buds of Populus nigra have been described as containing mainly phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids (more than 150 substances). The resinous exudate of black poplar buds contains flavonoid aglycons, including the flavanones pinocembrin and pinostrobin, the flavonols galangin, quercetin and kaempferol and the flavones chrysin and apigenin, as well as esters of phenolic acids. The chemical composition varies with the species, the geographical region and the time of sampling. p-Coumaric acid dominated in balsam poplar buds, while caffeic acid dominated in black poplar buds. In Europe, North America and Australia, poplar buds are the main raw material that bees use to collect resin.

Balsam poplar and cottonwoods

Populus balsamifera, the balsam poplar, is the northernmost North American hardwood. The sticky, resinous buds of the balsam poplar give off a strong, sweet fragrance that has been compared to that of the balsam fir tree. The black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa, is sometimes considered a subspecies of P. balsamifera. The buds of Populus trichocarpa are conical, long, narrow and sticky, with a strong balsam scent in spring when they open.

Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood, is a species of cottonwood poplar native to North America. The winter buds of the eastern cottonwood are yellowish brown and resinous.

Propolis

Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. Poplar-type propolis is common in temperate regions, including Europe, North America and western Asia.

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