Абсолют лабдануму
Labdanum absolute is the absolute of labdanum, a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrub Cistus ladanifer. Its odour is very rich, complex and tenacious.
- Type
- Складник
- Olfactive family
- Смолисті
- Source
- resin
- Chemical class
- complex mixture (labdane-type diterpenes, methylated flavonoids)
Запах
Докладно
Цікавий факт
Percy Newberry, a specialist on ancient Egypt, speculated that the false beard worn by Osiris and pharaohs may have originally represented a labdanum-laden goat's beard. He also argued that the sceptre of Osiris, usually interpreted as a flail or a flabellum, was more likely an instrument for collecting labdanum, similar to one used in nineteenth-century Crete.
Отримання й хімія
Спосіб отримання
The raw resin is usually extracted by boiling the leaves and twigs. An absolute is also obtained by solvent extraction. An essential oil is produced by steam distillation. In the Andalusian process the resin is extracted from the plant material with warm alkaline water, then precipitated by lowering the pH with acid and separated with a skimmer or by decantation. In the Zamorean process the resin is removed from the plant surface with boiling water and the resin at the water surface is continuously separated with a skimmer. The Zamorean process gives a resin yield approximately 25 times lower than the Andalusian process. To make the absolute, the waxes are removed: the labdanum is dissolved in warm methanol, then cooled to negative temperatures so that the waxes precipitate and can be separated by centrifugation. The absolute may be separated into diterpenoid and flavonoid fractions by molecular sizing column chromatography. One of the most important producers of C. ladanifer extracts obtains around 300-350 tons of raw labdanum resin each year from 6000-7000 tons of manually harvested plants.
- Формула
- Complex natural mixture (key constituents: labdanolic acid C₂₀H₃₆O₃; methylated flavonoids)
- CAS
- 8016-26-0
- Ботанічна назва
- Cistus ladanifer
- Зовнішній вигляд
- dark amber-green, very thick at room temperature
- Стійкість
- Tenacious
- Синоніми
- Ladanum, ladan, ladanon
No IFRA Standard for the material itself (51st Amendment)
- Відносна густина
- 1.104 to 1.114 @ 25 °C
- Показник заломлення
- 1.504 to 1.514 @ 20 °C
У парфумерії
Labdanum is produced today mainly for the perfume industry. It is the main ingredient used when making the scent of amber in perfumery, as well as chypre fragrances. In fine perfumery, cosmetics, personal care products, detergents, soaps and incense sticks, it is used in ambery, chypre and fougère accords as well as mystical notes. It also gives the composition substantivity. Its olfactive family in perfumery is ambery. Its resemblance to ambergris is a reason for its value in perfumery; ambergris has been banned from use in many countries because it originates from the sperm whale, an endangered species.
Див. також
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