Цвіт манго

The flowers of the mango tree are produced in terminal panicles 10-40 cm long. Each flower is small and white with five petals 5-10 millimetres long. Both male and female flowers are borne on the same tree.

Mangoes originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh and northeastern India. Climatic conditions have a significant influence on the time of flowering. In India, flowering starts in December in the south, in January in Bengal, in February in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and in February-March in northern India. The fruit takes four to five months from flowering to ripening. The flowers rely on insect pollination and are susceptible to florivorous pests.

The volatiles of the flowers of seven mango varieties comprise 115 components: 44 terpenes, 30 alkanes, 16 esters, 16 alcohols, five ketones, three aldehydes and one phenol. Terpenes reach relative concentrations of 46.15% to 89.41%, and alcohols 2.01% to 23.58%. The most abundant terpenes are α-pinene, 3-carene and terpinolene, and the most abundant alcohol is linalool.

In the essential oil distilled from the flowers, terpinolene is the most abundant component, at 43.17% by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and 50.16% by conventional hydrodistillation. The oil is rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons.

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