Лактони
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. Examples include γ-decalactone, which has a characteristic peach flavour, and δ-decalactone, which has a creamy coconut/peach flavour.
- Type
- Складник
- Olfactive family
- Фруктові
- Source
- Found in nature (fruit, dairy products, oak wood) and made by synthesis
- Chemical class
- Lactone (cyclic carboxylic ester)
Запах
Докладно
Цікавий факт
The name lactone derives from lactide, a ring compound formed by the dehydration of lactic acid, and lactic acid takes its name from its original isolation from soured milk. The R-enantiomer of δ-decalactone is the main component of the warning stench of the North American porcupine.
Отримання й хімія
Спосіб отримання
Many methods of ester synthesis can also be applied to the synthesis of lactones. γ-Lactones are so stable that 4-hydroxy acids spontaneously cyclize. For longer hydroxy acids and for the strained β-lactones, lactonization competes with polymerization. δ-Decalactone can be obtained from both chemical and biological sources. Chemically, δ-decalactone is produced from the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of delfone, and from biomass it can be produced by the hydrogenation of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone. A synthetic process for manufacturing optically active δ-decalactone has been developed, and its R and S enantiomers are sold commercially.
- Формула
- Class of cyclic esters (e.g., gamma-decalactone C₁₀H₁₈O₂, delta-decalactone C₁₀H₁₈O₂)
- CAS
- N/A — class of compounds (e.g., gamma-decalactone CAS 706-14-9, gamma-undecalactone CAS 104-67-6)
- Зовнішній вигляд
- Colorless to pale yellow liquid (gamma-decalactone)
- Сила запаху
- Дуже потужна й стійка (дельта-декалактон)
- Стійкість
- Beyond 100 hours (delta-decalactone)
- Синоніми
- lactone, cyclic carboxylic ester
No IFRA Standard for the material itself (51st Amendment)
- Температура спалаху
- 148 °C, open cup (delta-decalactone)
У парфумерії
Lactones contribute significantly to the flavor of fruit and of unfermented and fermented dairy products, and are therefore used as flavors and fragrances. γ-Decalactone is particularly important in the formulation of peach, apricot and strawberry flavourants for drinks, food, personal care products, pharmaceutical drugs and household goods. Several gamma lactones are used commercially. γ-Decalactone has the functional class of a flavouring agent, and δ-decalactone has FEMA GRAS number 2361. Optically active δ-decalactone makes it possible to reproduce natural flavors and fragrances that racemic compounds cannot.
Див. також
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