Рангпур
Tangerine peel dipped in lemon juice, with a bitter-green twist. Not a true lime — a mandarin-citron hybrid with orange skin and sour flesh. The peel oil smells brighter and more mandarin-sweet than Persian lime, with a distinct herbaceous backbone that no other citrus delivers at this ratio.
- Type
- Складник
- Olfactive family
- Цитрусові
- Source
- fruit peel
- Chemical class
- complex natural (essential oil)
Запах
Теруар і варіації
Докладно
Цікавий факт
In Bengali, rangpur is called gandhraj — king of fragrance. The name predates any Western perfumery interest in the fruit. In Brazil, rangpur (limão cravo, or clove lemon) is far more important below the graft line than above it: by 1995, 85% of São Paulo's 200 million sweet orange trees were grafted onto rangpur rootstock because of its tolerance to the tristeza virus. When a new disease — citrus sudden death — appeared in 1999, it killed over one million rangpur-rooted trees within four years.
Отримання й хімія
Спосіб отримання
Cold pressing (expression) of the fresh peel yields a pale yellow oil preserving the full terpene and furanocoumarin profile, including phototoxic psoralens. Steam distillation produces a non-phototoxic variant with a slightly flatter character due to thermal degradation of aldehydes (neral, geranial) and loss of heavier coumarins. Yield data specific to rangpur peel oil is scarce in peer-reviewed literature; typical cold-pressed citrus peel yields range 0.3–0.5% by weight. The oil is produced primarily in Brazil (where rangpur, called limão cravo, is the most widely planted citrus rootstock — 85% of São Paulo state's 200 million sweet orange trees by 1995 — and the fruit itself is widely available) and to a lesser extent in India and Bangladesh.
- Формула
- Complex mixture — major: limonene (C₁₀H₁₆), γ-terpinene (C₁₀H₁₆)
- CAS
- N/A — natural citrus oil blend, no single CAS (major component limonene: 5989-27-5)
- Ботанічна назва
- Citrus × limonia Osbeck (syn. Citrus reticulata × Citrus medica)
- Зовнішній вигляд
- Pale yellow to greenish mobile liquid
- Сила запаху
- Висока
- Стійкість
- 24 hours
- Синоніми
- RANGPUR LIME LIMAU NIPIS LIMÃO CRAVO CANTON LEMON GANDHRAJ MANDARIN-LIME HIME LEMON
Restricted under IFRA Standard 089 (citrus oils containing furocoumarins). Cold-pressed peel oil contains furocoumarin photosensitizers (5-MOP). Leave-on products applied to sun-exposed skin must comply with furocoumarin concentration limits. Limonene requires EU allergen declaration above threshold.
- Нота
- Essential oil from Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) peel. Citrus-mandarin hybrid character. Limited commercial availability.
У парфумерії
Top-note opener and hesperidic-aromatic bridge. Rangpur peel oil's structural value lies in its γ-terpinene content (13%), which exceeds lemon (~7%), bergamot (~6%), and sweet orange (<1%). This terpene introduces a green, almost herbal quality that allows rangpur to connect citrus accords with aromatic notes — basil, thyme, clary sage — without the jarring gap that occurs when pairing conventional citrus oils with herbs. Limonene (57%) provides the expected citrus lift but requires allergen declaration under EU Regulation 2023/1545 above 0.001% in leave-on products. The cold-pressed form contains furanocoumarins and is phototoxic — a constraint shared with bergamot and expressed lime. Steam-distilled rangpur oil loses the phototoxic coumarins but also some of the aldehydic sparkle. The material is niche. Most fragrance houses do not stock it. Where used, it occupies the same position as bergamot or lemon — a top-note diffuser — but delivers a rounder, more mandarin-inflected opening.
Див. також
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