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In Michael Edwards's fragrance wheel, Floral is one of the primary scent families. In its 2010 version, the wheel illustrates Floral with fresh cut flowers, Soft Floral with aldehydes and powdery notes, and Floral Amber with orange blossom and sweet spices. The first fragrance wheel was conceived by the perfumer Paul Jellinek and published in the original German edition of his book in 1949. Michael Edwards created his Fragrance Wheel in 1992.

A single floral is a fragrance dominated by the scent of a particular flower, such as rose, carnation or iris, and is called a soliflore in French. A floral bouquet is a compound of several flower scents. Bright floral, one of the categories that have emerged since 1945, combines the single floral and floral bouquet categories.

Floral scent is composed of all the volatile organic compounds emitted by floral tissue, such as flower petals. The scent of most flowering plant species holds a diversity of these compounds, sometimes up to several hundred. Terpenoids represent the majority of floral volatile compounds; the second chemical class is the fatty acid derivatives, and the third is the benzenoids and phenylpropanoids. The primary functions of floral scent are to deter herbivores and to attract pollinators. The flowers of Lonicera japonica emit a sweet, subtle fragrance mainly composed of linalool.

Rose oil has citronellol (20-34%), geraniol (15-22%) and nonadecane (8-15%) as its major components. Its key components, which include β-damascenone, β-damascone, beta-ionone and rose oxide, usually make up less than 1% of the oil yet slightly more than 90% of its odour content, owing to their low odour detection thresholds. The presence of beta-damascenone is considered the marker for the quality of rose oil. The damascenones belong to the rose ketones, a family of chemicals that also includes damascones and ionones. Beta-damascenone is a major contributor to the aroma of roses despite its very low concentration. β-Ionone is also a significant contributor to the aroma of roses despite its relatively low concentration. Rosa centifolia does not have a rose oil because of the delicate nature of its petals, and its absolute is composed of more than 50% phenylethyl alcohol.

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family, Oleaceae, with around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Asia, Africa and Oceania. Methyl jasmonate isolated from the oil of Jasminum grandiflorum led to the discovery of the molecular structure of the jasmonates. Lily of the valley, Convallaria majalis, is a Eurasian woodland plant with sweetly scented white flowers, and its French name, muguet, sometimes appears in the names of perfumes imitating the flower's scent. Ylang-ylang, Cananga odorata, is a species in the custard apple family Annonaceae and is valued for its essential oil, which is extracted from the flowers.

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